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What Contributing Grandparents Need to Know about 529s

What exactly should grandparents need to know about 529 college plans? Some things just seem to go together like hot dogs and baseball, peanut butter and jelly, and of course, grandparents and 529 plans. It’s a very lucky family that can depend upon grandma and grandpa to help with college tuition bills. College expenses aren’t exactly shrinking. The best gift that anyone could give could be your grandchild’s education fund and a 529 plan is a great way to get started.

A 529 plan is a state sponsored savings plan that invests money on behalf of beneficiaries. The earnings are tax deferred from federal income tax and most states have programs that will defer state taxes. If your grandchild uses the money from this fund for any qualified education purpose, the withdrawals will be free of tax.

Grandparents are allowed to contribute up to $11,000 per year per grandchild. So if Grandpa and Grandma have two grandchildren could place up to $44,000 in funds for the grandchildren without any gift tax liability. The grandparents would each have to set up 2 funds for each grandchild (a total of 4). Grandparents will still have control over these funds and can retrieve the money if needed. Of course, there will be taxes and penalties on an unqualified withdrawal but the taxes and penalties will only be on your earnings, not on the amount of the original contribution.

The 529 plans have lots of investment options, which create a big decision for the grandparents to make. Grandparents typically are more conservative than the child’s parents. The most popular approach to 529 investments tends to be the age-based option. This is a simple way to save for college. You do not have to personally adjust your allocations over time. The fund is managed according to the age of your grandchild. Younger children have more of a stock concentration. As your child gets older, the assets are automatically shifted into a higher ratio of short-term investments and more stable bonds.

Grandparents could also check and see if the 529 plan that your have set up will accept a third party contributions. This will take all of the worry about opening and maintaining your own accounts. State tax deductibility may be an issue if you go this route. Some states allow you a deduction for at least part of your contribution to their 529 plans. As a third party donor you will not be eligible for this deduction.

If you ever need to apply for Medicaid benefits, the state will look at your 529 plans as countable assets. You are eligible to take back the money you’ve invested so the money is technically available to pay medical or nursing home expenses. If you have this concern, it is an issue to discuss with your tax professional or attorney. It might be a good idea to make someone else the owner of the fund.

A big concern for grandparents is what would happen to the money in the 529 accounts if your grandchild chooses not to attend college. A great option is to change the beneficiary to another family member or even yourself. You can change the beneficiary as much as you want. Another option is to take the money in the fund for your needs. The earnings in the account will be subject to a 10% penalty rate and will be taxable as income.

This is some of what contributing grandparents need to know about 529’s. It is a great way to invest in your grandchild’s future. You have picked an incredible gift to give to your very lucky grandchild.